Indicating the relevant reference in the text
• A number enclosed in square brackets, eg.[1] or [26], placed in the text of the essay, indicates the relevant reference.
• Each reference number should be enclosed in square brackets on the same line as the text, before any punctuation, with a space before the bracket.
• Citations are numbered in the order in which they appear in the text and each citation corresponds to a numbered reference containing publication information about the source cited in the reference list at the end of the publication, essay or assignment.
• Once a source has been cited, the same number is used in all subsequent references.
• No distinction is made between print and electronic references when citing within the text.
Here are some examples of this kind of referencing :
"...end of the line for my research [13]."
"The theory was first put forward in 1987 [1]." "Scholtz [2] has argued that......."
"Several recent studies [3, 4, 15, 16] have suggested that..."
"For example, see [7]."
• It is not necessary to mention either the author(s) or the the date of the reference unless it is relevant to your text.
• It is not necessary to say " in reference [26] ..." "In [26] ..." is sufficient.
Citing more than one reference at a time
• When citing more than one source at a time, the preferred method is to list each reference number separately with a comma or dash between each reference:
Preferred
[1], [3], [5]
[1] - [5]
• Although the following method is also acceptable:
Acceptable
[1, 3, 5]
[1-5]
Citing a reference multiple times
• When citing a source for a second or subsequent time, do not use ibid or op. cit.
• In the text, repeat the earlier reference number.
• If referring to a different page number, or other reference, within the source, use the following forms:
[3, pp. 5-10], [3, Ch. 2, pp. 6-21], [3, Fig. 1], [3, Sec. 4.5]