Guidelines to APA Style: Online media reference examples

• Webpage
• Database
• Social media

Author, A. (Year, Month day). Title webpage. Name website. Retrieved Month day, year, from http://xxxx or https://xxxx

• If the webpage mentions the month and/or day in addition to a year, this is also mentioned in the reference; in the in-text citation, only the year is mentioned.
• The URL always starts with http:// or https://; file:///C is your own computer. A long URL may be shortened with a URL shortener, for example Bitly.
• If no author is mentioned, list the name of the organization. Omit the name of the website if it is identical to the name of the organization.
• If no date is given, write n.d. (=no date). Please note: the year of copyright, for example © 2022, is not the same as the year of publication. Write n.d. if only a copyright year is mentioned.
• When different webpages of a website are accessed, each page with its own URL gets its own entry.

• Webpage

Parenthetical citation: (HAN University of Applied Sciences, n.d.)
Narrative citation: HAN University of Applied Sciences. (n.d.)
  

• Webpage on a news website

Parenthetical citation: (Toner, 2020)
Narrative citation: Toner (2020)
 

•  Blog post

Parenthetical citation: (Klymkowsky, 2019)
Narrative citation: Klymkowsky (2019)
 

Author, A. (Year, Month day). Title of article. Name database. Retrieved Month day, year, from http://xxxx or https://xxxxx

• If no author is mentioned, the reference starts with the title of the article.
• Databases may provide less or additional information. Try to be as complete as possible, when an article has a number this can be put in brackets after the title.

• Business Source Ultimate
  MarketLine has its own platform, MarketLine Advantage (see below). This example is a company profile created by this company and made public by another database.

Parenthetical citation: (MarketLine, 2021)
Narrative citation: MarketLine (2021)
  

• MarketLine
  In the citation, Royal Grolsh NV is put between quotation marks because it is the title of the article, not the company as author.

Parenthetical citation: ("Royal Grolsch NV", 2017)
Narrative citation: "Royal Grolsch NV" (2017)
 

•  Statista

Parenthetical citation: (Koptyug, 2021)
Narrative citation: Koptyug (2021)
 

Author, A. (Year, Month day). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Description]. Site name. Retrieved Month day, year, from http://xxxx or https://xxxx

• Only link to original posts. Pinterest, for example, does not contain original material but links to existing files. Click on the image to find out the original URL.
• Copy the content of the message word-for-word, including any different spelling, hashtags and emojis, up to first 20 words. Most text files can display emojis. If this is not possible, please provide a description in square brackets. A full list of emoji names can be found on the Unicode Consortium's website.
• If a post includes images, videos, thumbnail links to outside sources, or content from another post (such as when sharing a link), indicate that in square brackets.

• Facebook

Parenthetical citation: (News From Science, 2019)
Narrative citation: News from Science (2019) 
 

• Instagram
  Present the name of the individual or group author in the same way you would do for any other reference. Then provide the Instagram handle (beginning with the @ sign) in square brackets, followed by a period.

Parenthetical citation: (Rijksmuseum, 2019)
Narrative citation: Rijksmuseum (2019)

• Twitter

Parenthetical citation: (Obama, 2020)
Narrative citation: Obama (2020)